What can often serve as a refuge for homeless individuals in vacant buildings?

The term "sanctuary" is often associated with a place of safety and refuge, which aligns well with the context of homeless individuals seeking shelter. In many cases, vacant buildings can provide a temporary sense of security and protection from the elements or from other dangers found in public spaces. These environments offer a semblance of stability, where individuals can find a reprieve from the harshness of street life. The concept of sanctuary emphasizes the idea of refuge where one feels safe, even if circumstances are far from ideal.

In contrast, the other options do not fully capture the essence of a safe refuge in the way that sanctuary does. A hideout suggests evasion or concealment, often with negative connotations. Homestead refers more to a dwelling that is typically occupied and maintained, and overnight shelters point to more organized facilities typically set up for short-term stays, which may not specifically apply to the use of vacant buildings. Thus, "sanctuary" is the most appropriate term that reflects the usage of vacant buildings as a refuge for those in need.