What are the three modes of attack in fireground operations?

In fireground operations, the three modes of attack are Offensive, Defensive, and Transitional. The offensive mode is employed when the situation allows for direct engagement with the fire to extinguish it and protect life and property. This mode is chosen when firefighters can safely enter the structure or area to apply water directly to the fire source, allowing for quicker control of the situation.

The defensive mode is utilized when conditions are too hazardous for a direct attack or when the fire's size and intensity exceed the ability to control it safely from within. In this mode, firefighters focus on protecting exposures and preventing the fire from spreading, rather than putting it out directly. This approach is essential in scenarios where safety is a priority, and resources must be allocated to save adjacent structures or mitigate potential injuries.

The transitional mode serves as a bridge between offensive and defensive strategies. It often involves initially applying water from a safe location to cool the fire before entering the structure, making it safer for firefighters to approach. This technique can help improve visibility and reduce heat levels, allowing fire teams to transition into an offensive attack more effectively or to reevaluate and shift to a defensive stance if needed.

Understanding these modes of attack equips firefighters with the tactical flexibility to adapt to changing conditions on the fireground,